ø

b [p]

p [pʰ]

f [f]

m [m]

d [t]

t [tʰ]

n [n]

l [l]

zh [ʈʂ]

ch [ʈʂʰ]

sh [ʂ]

r [ɻ] ¹

z [ʦ]

c [ʦʰ]

s [s]

j [ʨ] ²

q [ʨʰ] ²

x [ɕ] ²

理論リロン

実際ジッサイ

g [k]

k [kʰ]

h [x]

a

a

a

ba

pa

ma

fa

da

ta

na

la

zha

cha

sha

za

ca

sa

ga

ka

ha

a

ㄚ

ㄅㄚ

ㄆㄚ

ㄇㄚ

ㄈㄚ

ㄉㄚ

ㄊㄚ

ㄋㄚ

ㄌㄚ

ㄓㄚ

ㄔㄚ

ㄕㄚ

ㄗㄚ

ㄘㄚ

ㄙㄚ

ㄍㄚ

ㄎㄚ

ㄏㄚ

[ɑ]

[pɑ]

[pʰɑ]

[mɑ]

[fɑ]

[tɑ]

[tʰɑ]

[nɑ]

[lɑ]

[ʈʂɑ]

[ʈʂʰɑ]

[ʂɑ]

[ʦɑ]

[ʦʰɑ]

[sɑ]

[kɑ]

[kʰɑ]

[xɑ]

ai

ai

ai

bai

pai

mai

dai

tai

nai

lai

zhai

chai

shai

zai

cai

sai

gai

kai

hai

ai

ㄞ

ㄅㄞ

ㄆㄞ

ㄇㄞ

ㄉㄞ

ㄊㄞ

ㄋㄞ

ㄌㄞ

ㄓㄞ

ㄔㄞ

ㄕㄞ

ㄗㄞ

ㄘㄞ

ㄙㄞ

ㄍㄞ

ㄎㄞ

ㄏㄞ

[aɪ]

[paɪ]

[pʰaɪ]

[maɪ]

[taɪ]

[tʰaɪ]

[naɪ]

[laɪ]

[ʈʂaɪ]

[ʈʂʰaɪ]

[ʂaɪ]

[ʦaɪ]

[ʦʰaɪ]

[saɪ]

[kaɪ]

[kʰaɪ]

[xaɪ]

au

ao

ao

bao

pao

mao

dao

tao

nao

lao

zhao

chao

shao

rao

zao

cao

sao

gao

kao

hao

ao

ㄠ

ㄅㄠ

ㄆㄠ

ㄇㄠ

ㄉㄠ

ㄊㄠ

ㄋㄠ

ㄌㄠ

ㄓㄠ

ㄔㄠ

ㄕㄠ

ㄖㄠ

ㄗㄠ

ㄘㄠ

ㄙㄠ

ㄍㄠ

ㄎㄠ

ㄏㄠ

[aʊ]

[paʊ]

[pʰaʊ]

[maʊ]

[taʊ]

[tʰaʊ]

[naʊ]

[laʊ]

[ʈʂaʊ]

[ʈʂʰaʊ]

[ʂaʊ]

[ʐaʊ]

[ʦaʊ]

[ʦʰaʊ]

[saʊ]

[kaʊ]

[kʰaʊ]

[xaʊ]

an

an

an

ban

pan

man

fan

dan

tan

nan

lan

zhan

chan

shan

ran

zan

can

san

gan

kan

han

an

ㄢ

ㄅㄢ

ㄆㄢ

ㄇㄢ

ㄈㄢ

ㄉㄢ

ㄊㄢ

ㄋㄢ

ㄌㄢ

ㄓㄢ

ㄔㄢ

ㄕㄢ

ㄖㄢ

ㄗㄢ

ㄘㄢ

ㄙㄢ

ㄍㄢ

ㄎㄢ

ㄏㄢ

[an]

[pan]

[pʰan]

[man]

[fan]

[tan]

[tʰan]

[nan]

[lan]

[ʈʂan]

[ʈʂʰan]

[ʂan]

[ʐan]

[ʦan]

[ʦʰan]

[san]

[kan]

[kʰan]

[xan]

ang

ang

ang

bang

pang

mang

fang

dang

tang

nang

lang

zhang

chang

shang

rang

zang

cang

sang

gang

kang

hang

ang

ㄤ

ㄅㄤ

ㄆㄤ

ㄇㄤ

ㄈㄤ

ㄉㄤ

ㄊㄤ

ㄋㄤ

ㄌㄤ

ㄓㄤ

ㄔㄤ

ㄕㄤ

ㄖㄤ

ㄗㄤ

ㄘㄤ

ㄙㄤ

ㄍㄤ

ㄎㄤ

ㄏㄤ

[ɑŋ]

[pɑŋ]

[pʰɑŋ]

[mɑŋ]

[fɑŋ]

[tɑŋ]

[tʰɑŋ]

[nɑŋ]

[laŋ]

[ʈʂɑŋ]

[ʈʂʰɑŋ]

[ʂɑŋ]

[ʐɑŋ]

[ʦɑŋ]

[ʦʰɑŋ]

[sɑŋ]

[kaŋ]

[kʰɑŋ]

[xɑŋ]

e

e

e

me

de

te

ne

le

zhe

che

she

re

ze

ce

se

ge

ke

he

e

ㄜ

ㄇㄜ

ㄉㄜ

ㄊㄜ

ㄋㄜ

ㄌㄜ

ㄓㄜ

ㄔㄜ

ㄕㄜ

ㄖㄜ

ㄗㄜ

ㄘㄜ

ㄙㄜ

ㄍㄜ

ㄎㄜ

ㄏㄜ

[ɤ]

[mɤ]

[tɤ]

[tʰɤ]

[nɤ]

[lɤ]

[ʈʂɤ]

[ʈʂʰɤ]

[ʂɤ]

[ʐɤ]

[ʦɤ]

[ʦʰɤ]

[sɤ]

[kɤ]

[kʰɤ]

[xɤ]

ei

ei

ei

bei

pei

mei

fei

dei

nei

lei

zhei

shei

zei

gei

hei

ei

ㄟ

ㄅㄟ

ㄆㄟ

ㄇㄟ

ㄈㄟ

ㄉㄟ

ㄋㄟ

ㄌㄟ

ㄓㄟ

ㄕㄟ

ㄗㄟ

ㄍㄟ

ㄏㄟ

[eɪ]

[peɪ]

[pʰeɪ]

[meɪ]

[feɪ]

[teɪ]

[neɪ]

[leɪ]

[ʈʂeɪ]

[ʂeɪ]

[ʦeɪ]

[keɪ]

[xeɪ]

eu

ou

ou

pou

mou

fou

dou

tou

nou

lou

zhou

chou

shou

rou

zou

cou

sou

gou

kou

hou

ou

ㄡ

ㄆㄡ

ㄇㄡ

ㄈㄡ

ㄉㄡ

ㄊㄡ

ㄋㄡ

ㄌㄡ

ㄓㄡ

ㄔㄡ

ㄕㄡ

ㄖㄡ

ㄗㄡ

ㄘㄡ

ㄙㄡ

ㄍㄡ

ㄎㄡ

ㄏㄡ

[oʊ]

[pʰoʊ]

[moʊ]

[foʊ]

[toʊ]

[tʰoʊ]

[noʊ]

[loʊ]

[ʈʂoʊ]

[ʈʂʰoʊ]

[ʂoʊ]

[ʐoʊ]

[ʦoʊ]

[ʦʰoʊ]

[soʊ]

[koʊ]

[kʰoʊ]

[xoʊ]

en

en

en

ben

pen

men

fen

den

nen

zhen

chen

shen

ren

zen

cen

sen

gen

ken

hen

en

ㄣ

ㄅㄣ

ㄆㄣ

ㄇㄣ

ㄈㄣ

ㄉㄣ

ㄋㄣ

ㄓㄣ

ㄔㄣ

ㄕㄣ

ㄖㄣ

ㄗㄣ

ㄘㄣ

ㄙㄣ

ㄍㄣ

ㄎㄣ

ㄏㄣ

[ən]

[pən]

[pʰən]

[mən]

[fən]

[tən]

[nən]

[ʈʂən]

[ʈʂʰən]

[ʂən]

[ʐən]

[ʦən]

[ʦʰən]

[sən]

[kən]

[kʰən]

[xən]

eng

eng

eng

beng

peng

meng

feng

deng

teng

neng

leng

zheng

cheng

sheng

reng

zeng

ceng

seng

geng

keng

heng

eng

ㄥ

ㄅㄥ

ㄆㄥ

ㄇㄥ

ㄈㄥ

ㄉㄥ

ㄊㄥ

ㄋㄥ

ㄌㄥ

ㄓㄥ

ㄔㄥ

ㄕㄥ

ㄖㄥ

ㄗㄥ

ㄘㄥ

ㄙㄥ

ㄍㄥ

ㄎㄥ

ㄏㄥ

[ɤŋ]

[pʌŋ]

[pʰɤŋ]

[mɤŋ]

[fɤŋ]

[tɤŋ]

[tʰɤŋ]

[nɤŋ]

[lɤŋ]

[ʈʂɤŋ]

[ʈʂʰʌŋ]

[ʂɤŋ]

[ʐɤŋ]

[ʦɤŋ]

[ʦʰʌŋ]

[sɤŋ]

[kɤŋ]

[kʰɤŋ]

[xɤŋ]

er

er

er

er

ㄦ

[ɑɻ]

ê

ê

ê

ê

ㄝ

[ɛ]

i

i / -i

yi

bi

pi

mi

di

ti

ni

li

zhi

chi

shi

ri

zi

ci

si

ji

qi

xi

i / -i

ㄧ

ㄅㄧ

ㄆㄧ

ㄇㄧ

ㄉㄧ

ㄊㄧ

ㄋㄧ

ㄌㄧ

ㄓ

ㄔ

ㄕ

ㄖ

ㄗ

ㄘ

ㄙ

ㄐㄧ

ㄑㄧ

ㄒㄧ

[i]

[pi]

[pʰi]

[mi]

[ti]

[tʰi]

[ni]

[li]

[ʈʂʅ]

[ʈʂʰʅ]

[ʂʅ]

[ʐʅ]

[ʦɿ]

[ʦʰɿ]

[sɿ]

[ʨi]

[ʨʰi]

[ɕi]

ia

ia

ya

lia

jia

qia

xia

ia

ㄧㄚ

ㄌㄧㄚ

ㄐㄧㄚ

ㄑㄧㄚ

ㄒㄧㄚ

[jɑ]

[liɑ]

[ʨiɑ]

[ʨʰiɑ]

[ɕiɑ]

iai

iai

yai

iai

ㄧㄞ

[jaɪ]

iau

iao

yao

biao

piao

miao

diao

tiao

niao

liao

jiao

qiao

xiao

iao

ㄧㄠ

ㄅㄧㄠ

ㄆㄧㄠ

ㄇㄧㄠ

ㄉㄧㄠ

ㄊㄧㄠ

ㄋㄧㄠ

ㄌㄧㄠ

ㄐㄧㄠ

ㄑㄧㄠ

ㄒㄧㄠ

[jɑʊ]

[piɑʊ]

[pʰiɑʊ]

[miɑʊ]

[tiɑʊ]

[tʰiɑʊ]

[niɑʊ]

[liɑʊ]

[ʨiɑʊ]

[ʨʰiɑʊ]

[ɕiɑʊ]

ian

ian

yan

bian

pian

mian

dian

tian

nian

lian

jian

qian

xian

ian

ㄧㄢ

ㄅㄧㄢ

ㄆㄧㄢ

ㄇㄧㄢ

ㄉㄧㄢ

ㄊㄧㄢ

ㄋㄧㄢ

ㄌㄧㄢ

ㄐㄧㄢ

ㄑㄧㄢ

ㄒㄧㄢ

[jɛn]

[piɛn]

[pʰiɛn]

[miɛn]

[tiɛn]

[tʰiɛn]

[niɛn]

[liɛn]

[ʨiɛn]

[ʨʰiɛn]

[ɕiɛn]

iang

iang

yang

niang

liang

jiang

qiang

xiang

iang

ㄧㄤ

ㄋㄧㄤ

ㄌㄧㄤ

ㄐㄧㄤ

ㄑㄧㄤ

ㄒㄧㄤ

[jɑŋ]

[niɑŋ]

[niɑŋ]

[ʨiɑŋ]

[ʨʰiɑŋ]

[ɕiɑŋ]

ie

ie

ye

bie

pie

mie

die

tie

nie

lie

jie

qie

xie

ie

ㄧㄝ

ㄅㄧㄝ

ㄆㄧㄝ

ㄇㄧㄝ

ㄉㄧㄝ

ㄊㄧㄝ

ㄋㄧㄝ

ㄌㄧㄝ

ㄐㄧㄝ

ㄑㄧㄝ

ㄒㄧㄝ

[jɛ]

[piɛ]

[pʰiɛ]

[miɛ]

[tiɛ]

[tʰiɛ]

[niɛ]

[liɛ]

[ʨiɛ]

[ʨʰiɛ]

[ɕiɛ]

iei

-

-

ieu

iu

you

miu

diu

niu

liu

jiu

qiu

xiu

iu

ㄧㄡ

ㄇㄧㄡ

ㄉㄧㄡ

ㄋㄧㄡ

ㄌㄧㄡ

ㄐㄧㄡ

ㄑㄧㄡ

ㄒㄧㄡ

[joʊ]

[mioʊ]

[tioʊ]

[nioʊ]

[lioʊ]

[ʨioʊ]

[ʨʰioʊ]

[ɕioʊ]

ien

in

yin

bin

pin

min

nin

lin

jin

qin

xin

in

ㄧㄣ

ㄅㄧㄣ

ㄆㄧㄣ

ㄇㄧㄣ

ㄋㄧㄣ

ㄌㄧㄣ

ㄐㄧㄣ

ㄑㄧㄣ

ㄒㄧㄣ

[in]

[pin]

[pʰin]

[min]

[nin]

[lin]

[ʨin]

[ʨʰin]

[ɕin]

ieng

ing

ying

bing

ping

ming

ding

ting

ning

ling

jing

qing

xing

ing

ㄧㄥ

ㄅㄧㄥ

ㄆㄧㄥ

ㄇㄧㄥ

ㄉㄧㄥ

ㄊㄧㄥ

ㄋㄧㄥ

ㄌㄧㄥ

ㄐㄧㄥ

ㄑㄧㄥ

ㄒㄧㄥ

[iŋ]

[piŋ]

[pʰiŋ]

[miŋ]

[tiŋ]

[tʰiŋ]

[niŋ]

[liŋ]

[ʨiŋ]

[ʨʰiŋ]

[ɕiŋ]

u

u

wu

bu

pu

mu

fu

du

tu

nu

lu

zhu

chu

shu

ru

zu

cu

su

gu

ku

hu

u

ㄨ

ㄅㄨ

ㄆㄨ

ㄇㄨ

ㄈㄨ

ㄉㄨ

ㄊㄨ

ㄋㄨ

ㄌㄨ

ㄓㄨ

ㄔㄨ

ㄕㄨ

ㄖㄨ

ㄗㄨ

ㄘㄨ

ㄙㄨ

ㄍㄨ

ㄎㄨ

ㄏㄨ

[wu]

[pu]

[pʰu]

[mu]

[fu]

[tu]

[tʰu]

[nu]

[lu]

[ʈʂu]

[ʈʂʰu]

[ʂu]

[ʐu]

[ʦu]

[ʦʰu]

[su]

[ku]

[kʰu]

[xu]

ua

ua

wa

zhua

chua

shua

gua

kua

hua

ua

ㄨㄚ

ㄓㄨㄚ

ㄔㄨㄚ

ㄕㄨㄚ

ㄍㄨㄚ

ㄎㄨㄚ

ㄏㄨㄚ

[wɑ]

[ʈʂuɑ]

[ʈʂʰuɑ]

[ʂuɑ]

[kuɑ]

[kʰuɑ]

[xuɑ]

uai

uai

wai

zhuai

chuai

shuai

guai

kuai

huai

uai

ㄨㄞ

ㄓㄨㄞ

ㄔㄨㄞ

ㄕㄨㄞ

ㄍㄨㄞ

ㄎㄨㄞ

ㄏㄨㄞ

[waɪ]

[ʈʂuaɪ]

[ʈʂʰuaɪ]

[ʂuaɪ]

[kuaɪ]

[kʰuaɪ]

[xuaɪ]

uo / o

wo / o

bo

po

mo

fo

duo

tuo

nuo

luo

zhuo

chuo

shuo

ruo

zuo

cuo

suo

guo

kuo

huo

uo / o

uau

ㄨㄛ/ ㄛ

ㄅㄛ

ㄆㄛ

ㄇㄛ

ㄈㄛ

ㄉㄨㄛ

ㄊㄨㄛ

ㄋㄨㄛ

ㄌㄨㄛ

ㄓㄨㄛ

ㄔㄨㄛ

ㄕㄨㄛ

ㄖㄨㄛ

ㄗㄨㄛ

ㄘㄨㄛ

ㄙㄨㄛ

ㄍㄨㄛ

ㄎㄨㄛ

ㄏㄨㄛ

[wɔ] / [o]

[po]

[pʰo]

[mo]

[fo]

[tuɔ]

[tʰuɔ]

[nuɔ]

[luɔ]

[ʈʂuɔ]

[ʈʂʰuɔ]

[ʂuɔ]

[ʐuɔ]

[ʦuɔ]

[ʦʰuɔ]

[suɔ]

[kuɔ]

[kʰuɔ]

[xuɔ]

uan

uan

wan

duan

tuan

nuan

luan

zhuan

chuan

shuan

ruan

zuan

cuan

suan

guan

kuan

huan

uan

ㄨㄢ

ㄉㄨㄢ

ㄊㄨㄢ

ㄋㄨㄢ

ㄌㄨㄢ

ㄓㄨㄢ

ㄔㄨㄢ

ㄕㄨㄢ

ㄖㄨㄢ

ㄗㄨㄢ

ㄘㄨㄢ

ㄙㄨㄢ

ㄍㄨㄢ

ㄎㄨㄢ

ㄏㄨㄢ

[wan]

[tuan]

[tʰuan]

[nuan]

[luan]

[ʈʂuan]

[ʈʂʰuan]

[ʂuan]

[ʐuan]

[ʦuan]

[ʦʰuan]

[suan]

[kuan]

[kʰuan]

[xuan]

uang

uang

wang

zhuang

chuang

shuang

guang

kuang

huang

uang

ㄨㄤ

ㄓㄨㄤ

ㄔㄨㄤ

ㄕㄨㄤ

ㄍㄨㄤ

ㄎㄨㄤ

ㄏㄨㄤ

[wɑŋ]

[ʈʂuɑŋ]

[ʈʂʰuɑŋ]

[ʂuɑŋ]

[kuɑŋ]

[kʰuɑŋ]

[xuɑŋ]

ue

-

-

uei

wei / ui

wei

dui

tui

zhui

chui

shui

rui

zui

cui

sui

gui

kui

hui

wei / ui

ㄨㄟ

ㄉㄨㄟ

ㄊㄨㄟ

ㄓㄨㄟ

ㄔㄨㄟ

ㄕㄨㄟ

ㄖㄨㄟ

ㄗㄨㄟ

ㄘㄨㄟ

ㄙㄨㄟ

ㄍㄨㄟ

ㄎㄨㄟ

ㄏㄨㄟ

[weɪ]

[tueɪ]

[tʰueɪ]

[ʈʂueɪ]

[ʈʂʰueɪ]

[ʂueɪ]

[ʐueɪ]

[ʦueɪ]

[ʦʰueɪ]

[sueɪ]

[kueɪ]

[kʰueɪ]

[xueɪ]

ueu

-

-

uen

wen / un

wen

dun

tun

lun

zhun

chun

shun

run

zun

cun

sun

gun

kun

hun

wen / un

ㄨㄣ

ㄉㄨㄣ

ㄊㄨㄣ

ㄌㄨㄣ

ㄓㄨㄣ

ㄔㄨㄣ

ㄕㄨㄣ

ㄖㄨㄣ

ㄗㄨㄣ

ㄘㄨㄣ

ㄙㄨㄣ

ㄍㄨㄣ

ㄎㄨㄣ

ㄏㄨㄣ

[wən]

[tuən]

[tʰuən]

[luən]

[ʈʂuən]

[ʈʂʰuən]

[ʂuən]

[ʐuən]

[ʦuən]

[ʦʰuən]

[suən]

[kun]

[kʰun]

[xun]

ueng

weng / ong

weng

dong

tong

nong

long

zhong

chong

rong

zong

cong

song

gong

kong

hong

weng / ong

ㄨㄥ

ㄉㄨㄥ

ㄊㄨㄥ

ㄋㄨㄥ

ㄌㄨㄥ

ㄓㄨㄥ

ㄔㄨㄥ

ㄖㄨㄥ

ㄗㄨㄥ

ㄘㄨㄥ

ㄙㄨㄥ

ㄍㄨㄥ

ㄎㄨㄥ

ㄏㄨㄥ

[wɤŋ]

[tʊŋ]

[tʰʊŋ]

[nʊŋ]

[lʊŋ]

[ʈʂʊŋ]

[ʈʂʰʊŋ]

[ʐʊŋ]

[ʦʊŋ]

[ʦʰʊŋ]

[sʊŋ]

[kʊŋ]

[kʰʊŋ]

[xʊŋ]

ü

ü

yu

nü

lü

ju

qu

xu

ü

ㄩ

ㄋㄩ

ㄌㄩ

ㄐㄩ

ㄑㄩ

ㄒㄩ

[y]

[ny]

[ly]

[ʨy]

[ʨʰy]

[ɕy]

üa

-

-

üai

-

-

üau

-

-

üan

üan

yuan

juan

quan

xuan

üan

ㄩㄢ

ㄐㄩㄢ

ㄑㄩㄢ

ㄒㄩㄢ

[yɛn]

[ʨyɛn]

[ʨʰyɛn]

[ɕyɛn]

üang

-

-

üe

üe / ue

yue

nüe

lüe

jue

que

xue

üe / ue

ㄩㄝ

ㄋㄩㄝ

ㄌㄩㄝ

ㄐㄩㄝ

ㄑㄩㄝ

ㄒㄩㄝ

[yɛ]

[nyɛ]

[lyɛ]

[ʨyɛ]

[ʨʰyɛ]

[ɕyɛ]

üei

-

-

üeu

-

-

üen

ün

yun

jun

qun

xun

ün

ㄩㄣ

ㄐㄩㄣ

ㄑㄩㄣ

ㄒㄩㄣ

[yn]

[ʨyn]

[ʨʰyn]

[ɕyn]

üeng

iong

yong

jiong

qiong

xiong

iong

ㄩㄥ

ㄐㄩㄥ

ㄑㄩㄥ

ㄒㄩㄥ

[yʊŋ]

[ʨiʊŋ]

[ʨʰiʊŋ]

[ɕiʊŋ]

韻母

ø

b

p

m

f

d

t

n

l

zh

ch

sh

r

z

c

s

g

k

h

韻母

声母

注チュウ１　「アワヤ喉、サタラナ舌に、カ牙サ歯音、ハマの二つは唇」と昔ムカシの日本ニホンでは言イったそうです。

【参考サンコウ】

Wikipedia